Experimental research designs are used for the controlled testing of causal processes.
The general procedure is one or more independent variables are manipulated to determine their effect on a dependent variable. These designs can be used where:
There is time priority in a causal relationship (cause precedes effect),
There is consistency in a causal relationship (a cause will always lead to the same effect), and
The magnitude of the correlation is great.
The most common applications of these designs in marketing research and experimental economics are test markets and purchase labs. The techniques are commonly used in other social sciences including sociology, psychology, and social work.
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